Have you ever come across the terms mutual funds and index funds? If yes, chances are that you might have initially confused them to be the same. However, these are two distinct terms with different meanings. Index funds are a kind of mutual fund investment that mirror the chosen market index, whereas mutual funds are a broad investment class that follows a wide range of investment strategies.
Before exploring either of these investment categories, investors must know the differences and similarities between the two. This will significantly help in making informed investment choices.
A mutual fund investment pools money from investors and allocates it to a wide variety of securities, including stocks, bonds, etc. These are actively managed investments and involve fund managers who pick investments on behalf of investors. They also charge a fee for their services.
Mutual funds could diversify their investment allocation between stocks, bonds, and other securities or there could be mutual funds concentrated on a single category of an asset like large-cap funds, etc. This strategy makes them less risky as compared to the concentration of investment in a single stock or bond. Mutual fund units are the shares in a mutual fund and are sold at net asset value / NAV per share.
Here are the key characteristics of a mutual fund investment:
Pros of Mutual Funds:
Cons of Mutual Funds:
An Index fund is a type of mutual fund that mirrors its portfolio to the chosen index. It is also referred to as ‘index-tracked’ mutual funds. Index funds are new to the Indian investment market, and very few investors are aware of this investment type. It is slowly picking pace as more investors see the benefits of generating returns by following an Index.
The key features of an Index fund are as below:
Pros of Index Funds:
Cons of Index Funds:
Three key factors differentiate index funds from mutual funds. These are the management style, aim of the fund, and the cost involved in each. Here, we have presented a brief version of these differences along with other points that will help you differentiate between the two forms of investments.
Differences | Index Funds | Mutual Funds |
Objective | To invest in securities that are part of an index and mirror the returns generated by the index followed. | To invest in various securities by pooling money from investors. The main objective is to maximise investor returns at any given time. |
Management Style | Passively Managed. Does not require picking of stocks by fund manager. | Actively Managed. Choice of investment in stocks and bonds is at the discretion of the fund manager. |
Cost | Lower expense ratio and hence, less cost. This is because of lower management fees. | Higher expense ratio as higher fund management fees is involved. |
Investment Type | Invests in stocks, bonds, etc depending on composition of the index it follows. | Invests in stocks, bonds, and other securities as per the fund manager’s decisions and investment objective of the mutual fund. |
Flexibility | Has lower flexibility since it has to restrict investment as per Index followed. | Offers higher flexibility as fund managers can switch between securities depending upon their expected performance. |
Both mutual funds and index funds are ideal investment choices for investors who don’t want to take the risk of trading by themselves.
If you are looking for some flexibility in asset movement, then mutual funds may be the right investment option for you. Mutual funds aim to beat benchmark indexes and can therefore result in far higher returns than the indices. These also allow short-term capitalisation of gains because of active fund management strategies.
Index funds are best for individuals who do not prefer the risk involved in actively managed equity funds. While investing in index funds, it is recommended to remain invested for a long term of at least 5 years to see positive returns. With index funds, however, it is not possible to beat the index returns since the aim of these funds is to replicate the index returns.
Index funds or mutual funds, the returns of both these investment options are based on the market, so you should be aware of this fact and take investment decisions based on your risk profile, required amount and the investment time horizon.
Index funds aim to match returns of the Index they follow. Active mutual funds, on the other hand, aim to outperform the indices. The performance of an index fund is often predictable, whereas a mutual fund performance is less predictable and depends on the investment choices made by the fund manager.
Index funds involve a certain percentage of fees, however, these are far lower as compared to mutual funds since Index funds are not actively managed.
Index funds are ideal for risk-averse investors who aim to generate returns in the long run by following the performance of an Index.
To invest in an index fund, you can use the Fisdom app and follow easy registration steps to begin your investment process. This is a free app with expert tips on fund selection based on your risk profile.
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