The current war crisis in Europe although between two nations has affected the entire world. One of the most drastic impacts that are faced by the world, India included, is the severe rise in fuel rises. Given this rise and the growing carbon footprint in the world, electric vehicles or EVs are the need of the day. EVs have been part of the global and Indian markets for more than a decade. Today this sector has made significant progress and is only going to see an increase in the same hereon.
In India, the government is giving a lot of push in the form of incentives and subsidies to promote the EV sector in the country and gradually phase out the ICE (Internal combustion Engines). The state governments of the country are also doing their bit by adding e-buses in the state.
The current EV market in the country is categorized as per the propulsion type (battery EV, plug-in EV, and fuel cell EV) as well as based on vehicle types (2 wheelers, 3 wheelers, 4 wheelers, buses, and trucks. The Indian EV market was valued at approximately $1434billion in 2021 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 47.09% and reach $15397 billion by 2027. The year 20321 saw a 168% year-on-year growth in the combined EV sector with sales picking up from June 21.
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For the EV sector to thrive in India, the country needs to have a robust EV charging infrastructure. The government has come out with many measures and plans to set up EV charging infrastructure across the country to support and promote the EV sector. The basic requirements of the EVs based on the overall Indian EV sector as per the data collected by Niti Aayog and the Ministry of Power are highlighted below.
| Vehicle | Battery Capacity | Battery Voltage |
| E-2W (Two Wheelers) | 1.2-3.3 kWh | 48-72V |
| E-3W (passengers/goods) | 3.6-8kWh | 48-60V |
| E-cars (1st Generation) | 21 kWh | 72V |
| E-cars (2nd Generation) | 30-80 kWh | 300-500V |
EV power needs based on power ratings and power type
| Type of charging | Power level | Current type | Compatible EV segments |
| Normal Power Charging | P<=7kW | AC & DC | E-2W, E-3W, E-cars, and other LCVs (up to 1 ton) |
| Normal Power Charging | 7kW<P<=22kW | AC & DC | E-2W, E-3W, E-cars, and other LCVs (up to 1 ton) |
| High Power Charging | 22kW<P<=50kW | DC | E-cars, LCVs, MCVs (1-6 ton) |
| High Power Charging | 50kW<P<200kW | DC | E-cars, LCVs, MCVs (1-6 ton) |
There are three types of charging solutions available for the Indian customers. The details of these available options are mentioned below.
| Type of charging solution | Private charging | Semi-public charging | Public charging |
| Usage | This type of charging is suitable for a personalized charging station for personal EV or EF Fleet | This type of charging is ideal for a shared charging station for notified EV users | This is the shared charging station for the general public |
| Locations | Such charging stations can be in independent homes, dedicated parking spaces in any apartment or offices, any notified location with land availability | This type of charging stations can be in apartment complexes, office campuses, gated communities, government buildings, universities, shopping malls, hospitals, etc. | This type of charging can be in public parking lots, on-street parking, charging plazas, petrol pumps, highways, metro stations |
| Ownership | The ownership of this type of charging is with individual EV owners, EV fleet owners, or operators | The ownership of this type of charging point is under host properties, Charge Point Operators (CPOs) OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) | The ownership of this charging type of municipal authorities, PSUs, CPOs, host properties |
| Operations | The charging point is self-operated or CPO-managed | The charging point is CPO-managed | The charging point is CPO-managed |
The above data shows that the overall charging infrastructure needs of the country are quite extensive. This scenario is when the EV sector is still at a very nascent stage in the country. As the sector grows the charging infrastructure needs will increase accordingly. On average, an EV battery will require anywhere between 60 minutes to 9 hours to be fully charged. In the case of rapid charges also the minimum time taken would be approximately 30 minutes. This will be highly cumbersome for the ultimate customers and also is a deterrent factor that keeps many potential customers away from the EV sector. Also, the cost of a battery in an EV is among the highest costs of the vehicle. Given the current scenario of the growing uncertainty, the cost of essential raw materials for battery manufacture like nickel, copper, cobalt, etc. has increased substantially. This has resulted in a steep rise in battery costs for EVs.
The Government of India viewing these factors has announced a new policy for the EV sector. This new policy is based on the concept of battery swapping and will have interoperable standards. The complete details of this program will be finalized soon and provided to the general public. The concept of battery swapping will allow the customers to swap their drained or already used batteries with fully charged ones at the respective charging stations or outlets. This policy will initially focus on battery swapping for E-scooters, 3-wheelers (autos), and motorcycles, before proceeding to other EVs. The policy also has incentives for the customers up to 20% of the subscription or the total lease cost of the battery.
The various pros and cons of the battery swapping program proposed by the government are mentioned hereunder
Some of the key benefits of the battery swapping program are,
The limitations of using the battery-swapping program are mentioned below.
Reliance Industries Limited has a huge network of petrol pumps across the country and plans to open a lot more in the next 5 years. The company has recently acquired substantially all the assets of Lithium Werks. The company has more than 30 years of expertise and experience in the production of nearly 200MWh annual capacity including coating, cell, and custom module manufacturing capability. The key details of Reliance Industries Limited are tabled below.
| Category | Details |
| Market Capitalization | Rs. 18,01,818.03 crores |
| PE Ratio | 31.21 |
| Return on Equity | 9.27 (March 21) |
| Debt Equity Ratio | 0.36 (March 21) |
| Promotor’s Holdings | 50.62% |
| Share price | Rs. 2663.70 |
| Dividend Yield | 0.26% |
Tata Power Company Limited has a large network of EV charging stations across 40 cities in the country. It has set up MOUs with IOCL, HPCL, IGL, MGL, and the Government of India to develop the charging infrastructure. The key details of the company are tabled below.
| Category | Details |
| Market Capitalization | Rs. 80,506.58 crores |
| PE Ratio | 49.35 |
| Return on Equity | 2.91 (March 21) |
| Debt Equity Ratio | 2.08 (March 21) |
| Promotor’s Holdings | 46.86% |
| Share price | Rs. 251.95 |
| Dividend Yield | 0.62% |
Bharat Petroleum is the second largest company in India in the oil marketing segment. The company has approximately 44 charging stations across the country and has plans to integrate its conventional charging stations as EV compliant. The basic details of this company are tabled below.
| Category | Details |
| Market Capitalization | Rs. 82,474.99 crores |
| PE Ratio | 49.35 |
| Return on Equity | 39.55 (March 21) |
| Debt Equity Ratio | 0.89 (March 21) |
| Promotor’s Holdings | 52.98% |
| Share price | Rs. 380.20 |
| Dividend Yield | 20.78% |
Indian Oil Corporation Limited is the largest company in the country in the oil refining and petroleum marketing segment. This company has approximately 48 EV charging stations and 30 battery swapping stations across the country the key details of the company are tabled below.
| Category | Details |
| Market Capitalization | Rs. 1,15,088.09 crores |
| PE Ratio | 4.19 |
| Return on Equity | 19.85 (March 21) |
| Debt Equity Ratio | 1.04 (March 21) |
| Promotor’s Holdings | 51.50% |
| Share price | Rs. 122.30 |
| Dividend Yield | 9.82% |
ABB Limited is the manufacturer of electric motors, generators, transformers, and electricity distribution and control apparatus. The key details of the company are mentioned below.
| Category | Details |
| Market Capitalization | Rs. 45,177.81 crores |
| PE Ratio | 84.84 |
| Return on Equity | 6.15 (March 21) |
| Debt Equity Ratio | 0.00 (March 21) |
| Promotor’s Holdings | 75.00% |
| Share price | Rs. 2130.55 |
| Dividend Yield | 0.24% |
EV is the future of transportation and EV stocks in the charging infrastructure sector, as well as the EV manufacturing sector, has seen a huge boom in recent years. India is part of the vision which aims to have 30% EVs out of the total vehicles in the country by 2030. Backed by the many government initiatives, incentives, and subsidies the EV sector is set to meet this goal in an efficient manner.
The segment-wise contribution of EV sales in 2021 is tabled below.
Vehicle segment Contribution to sales in 2021
E-2W 48%
Electric L3 45%
Electric L5 3%
Electric 4W 4%
The top players in the E-2W segment in 2021 in terms of market share are,
-Hero Electric – 34.56%
-Okinawa Autotech – 20.48%
-Ather Energy – 12.13%
-Pure EV – 8.03%
-Ampere – 7.85%
Some of the key players in the EV charging infrastructure globally are ABB, ChargePoint, Inc., Eaton., ClipperCreek, Inc., Honeywell International Inc, Pod Point., Tesla, etc.
No. The government is aiming to maximize the availability of charging infrastructure throughout the country but it is an uphill task and will take years in making. So availability of a robust EV charging infrastructure in India by the end of 2022 is nearly impossible.
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